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| Cage |
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Equipment used to transport men and equipment in a shaft.
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| Caisson |
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Metal casing or cylinder used to sink shafts in wet or unstable ground.
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| Calcine |
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Concentrate that is ready for smelting because the sulphur has been driven off by oxidation.
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| Calibration |
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1. Adjusting the control or recording equipment to reflect the actual control or recording
temperatures.
2. Procedures that involve scanning an object of known size. Calibration is used to adjust
scanner readings for greater accuracy.
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| Can velocity |
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The velocity of the gas in the passages between the filter units in the filter house of a gas filter.
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| Capillarity |
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Property of liquids allowing them to move through solids.
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| Capital cost |
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The total investment needed to complete a project and bring it to a commercially operable status. The cost of construction of a new plant or the expenditures for the purchase/acquisition of existing facilities.
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| Car |
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Railway wagon used to carry coal, ore and waste through underground tunnels.
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| Car dump |
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Mechanism used to unload a mining car or railway wagon.
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| Carat |
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A unit of weight used for precious stones, equivalent to 200mg (3.08 grains).
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| Carbon adsorption |
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A process where soluble complexes of gold and silver attach (without a chemical reaction) to the surfaces of activated carbon particles. Used to collect gold and silver from leach solution.
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| Cartridge |
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1. The replaceable element of a fluid filter.
2. The pumping unit from a vane pump, composed of the rotor, ring, vanes and one or both side
plates.
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| Cast blasting |
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A blasting method which uses the surplus explosive energy to move overburden/waste material across the pit and reduce the cost of handling it with mine equipment. Method frequently used in coal mining.
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| Cathode |
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A rectangular plate of pure refined metal, produced in the electrolytic process of mineral refining. This plate is later melted into commercial shapes for final usage.
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| Cellulose |
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One of the major structural materials in the plant cell walls that can be utilized by microorganisms in the rumen.
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| Celsius (C) |
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The international temperature scale in which water freezes at 0 and boils at 100 under normal atmospheric conditions. °C = (°F - 32) ÷ 1.8.
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| Cement copper |
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A copper product obtained from copper solution by precipitation (cementation) onto iron.
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| Centimetre (cm) |
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A metric unit of length equal to one hundredth of a metre. 2.54 cm is equal to one inch.
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| Centrifugal force |
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The force which impels a thing, or parts of a thing, outward from a center of rotation.
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| Chain |
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Survey measure equal to 66 feet (20.12 meters)
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| Chain conveyor |
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Conveyor where material is moved along a trough by the scraping action of crossbars attached to a moving chain.
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| Chalcopyrite |
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A sulphide mineral of copper and iron. A common ore mineral of copper.
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| Channel |
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A fluid passage, the length of which is large with respect to its cross-sectional dimension.
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| Charge (supercharge) |
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1. To replenish a hydraulic system above atmospheric pressure.
2. To fill an accumulator with fluid under pressure. (See Precharge pressure)
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| Charge pressure |
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The pressure at which replenishing fluid is forced into the hydraulic system (above atmospheric pressure).
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| Check valve |
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A valve which permits flow of fluid in one direction only.
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| Choke point |
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Area of the crushing chamber have the smallest cross section.
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| Chromite |
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The chief ore mineral of chromium.
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| Cinnabar |
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A vermilion-colored mercury sulfide mineral. It is the principal ore mineral for mercury.
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| Circuit |
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An arrangement of components interconnected to perform a specific function within a system.
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| Circulating load |
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Over sized pieces of ore returned to the head of a closed crushing/grinding circuit to be further reduced in size. After they reach the desired size they are moved on to the next processing step.
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| Clarification |
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A filtering process to remove suspended material from water.
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| Classifier |
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Mineral processing machine which separates minerals according to size and density.
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| Closed center valve |
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One in which all ports are blocked in the center or neutral position.
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| Closed circuit |
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A loop in the milling process where a selected portion of the product of a machine is returned to the head of the machine for finishing to required specification.
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| Coal |
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A solid, brittle, more or less distinctly stratified combustible carbonaceous rock, formed by partial to complete decomposition of vegetation.
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| Column |
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A free standing axially loaded compression member, usually vertical.
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| Column flotation |
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A tall cylindrical column used to separate valuable or unwanted minerals from the gangue.
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| Command signal (or input signal) |
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An external signal to which the servo must respond.
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| Comminution |
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The particle size reduction of materials. Breaking, crushing or grinding of coal, ore or rock.
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| Compensator control |
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A displacement control for variable pumps and motors which alters displacement in response to pressure changes in the system as related to its adjusted pressure setting.
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| Complex ore |
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An ore which contains a number of different minerals of value. Often means that it will be difficult to extract and separate the valuable minerals.
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| Composites |
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Built-up, bonded products consisting wholly of natural wood, or in combination with metals, plastics, etc.
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| Compressibility |
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The change in volume of a unit volume of a fluid when it is subjected to a unit change in pressure.
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| Compression |
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In crushing/grinding terms the method of material reduction by applying a compression force between two surfaces.
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| Computer simulations |
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Computer software that models actions or occurrences in the real world.
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| Concentrate |
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Powdery product of high grade ore which has the majority of the waste (gangue) removed.
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| Concentrator |
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The step(s) in a mineral processing mill which produces a concentrate of ore.
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| Cone crusher |
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Machine that has a gyrating cone/crushing head to reduce the size of ore. Usually used as a secondary crusher.
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| Continuous miner |
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A machine that constantly extracts coal while it loads it (with no stoppages).
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| Control |
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A device used to regulate the function of a unit (See Hydraulic control, Manual control, Mechanical control, and Compensator control).
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| Control console |
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Fabricated metal cabinet housing buttons and switches for the control of a machine center.
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| Control valve |
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A device that controls the flow of liquids or gases.
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| Controlled blasting |
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Blasting patterns and sequences designed to achieve a particular objective. Examples include cast blasting and deck blasting.
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| Conveyor |
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Equipment which moves material from one point to another continuously by means of an endless (looped) procession of hooks, buckets, wide rubber belt, etc.
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| Core (Core sample) |
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A long cylinder of rock made during exploration work. Used for analysing the geologic and chemical properties of the ore body.
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| Counterbalance valve |
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A pressure control valve which maintains back pressure to prevent a load from falling.
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| Cover |
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The overburden or waste rock above an orebody.
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| Cracking pressure |
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The pressure at which a pressure actuated valve begins to pass fluid.
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| Crib |
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Roof support of prop timbers or ties. Arranged in alternating cross layer pattern.
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| Crusher / Crushing |
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Machines which reduce the size of the ore to a specified size for further grinding in ball/rod mills. Types include jaw, gyratory, vertical/horizontal impactor, hydraulic hammer and cone.
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| Cushion |
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A device sometimes built into the ends of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder which restricts the flow of fluid at the outlet port, thereby arresting the motion of the piston rod.
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| Cyanidation |
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A method of extracting gold/silver from ore by dissolving it in a weak solution of sodium, calcium or potassium cyanide. Used as the primary method for gold/silver extraction, especially for low grade producers.
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| Cyanide |
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A very toxic chemical used to dissolve gold and silver from the ore.
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| Cylinder |
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A device which converts fluid power or air into linear mechanical force and motion. It usually consists of a movable element such as a piston and piston rod, plunger rod, plunger or ram, operating within a cylindrical bore.
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