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| Gallon (gal) |
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A unit of volume. A US gallon is equal to 4 quarts or 231 cubic inches (approximately 3.79 liters). A British imperial gallon is equal to four quarts or 4.55 liters.
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| Gangue |
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Waste rock contained within or surrounding an ore. This waste must be separated for the extraction of the mineral.
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| Gauge pressure |
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A pressure scale which ignores atmospheric pressure. Its zero point is 14.7 psi absolute.
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| Geiger counter |
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An instrument used to measure radioactivity by means of a Geiger-Mueller tube. Certain minerals emanate radioactivity.
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| Geology |
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Science and study of the earth's rocks and its composition.
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| Geophysical survey |
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A scientific method of prospecting that measures the physical properties of rock formations. Common properties investigated include magnetism, specific gravity, electrical conductivity and radioactivity.
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| Geophysics |
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The study of the physical properties of rocks and minerals.
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| Glue |
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Originally, a hard gelatin obtained from hides, tendons, cartilage, bones, etc., of animals. Also, an adhesive prepared from this substance by heating with water. Through general use the term is now synonymous with the term "Adhesive".
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| Gold |
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A heavy, soft, yellow, ductile, malleable, metallic element. The unique properties of this precious metal make it an essential component in a diverse number of products.
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| Grade |
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Concentration of metal or minerals in a body of rock. Expressed as a percentage or grams per tonne.
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| Gram (g) |
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A metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram; one ounce is approximately 28 grams.
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| Granite |
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An coarse-grained (intrusive) igneous rock consisting of quartz, feldspar and mica.
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| Gravity meter (gravimeter) |
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An instrument for measuring the local acceleration due to the Earth's gravity. Gravity varies with the density of the rocks in the vicinity.
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| Gravity separation |
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The separtion of gold from waste. Due to gold being denser than the waste, it sinks to the bottom when shaken in a pan with water.
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| Greenhouse gases |
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Gases that provide an insulating effect in the earth's atmosphere, potentially leading to global climate change. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapour.
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| Grinders |
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Equipment to reduce the size of the ore to a powder. Types include ball mills, rod mills, autogenous(AG) mills, semiautogenous (SAG) mills, pebble mills, grinding rolls, etc.
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| Grinding |
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The final stage in reducing the size of the ore to a powder (below 5-20 mm). A powdering or pulverising process achieved by tumbling, stirring or vibration.
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| Grizzly |
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Course screening or scalping device that prevents oversized bulk material form entering a material transfer system. Constructed of rails, bars, beams, etc.
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| Gyratory crusher |
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A machine that crushes ore between an eccentrically mounted crushing cone and a fixed crushing throat.
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